Medical Laboratory Technician (MLT) guide questions for preparation in board examination. Take your time to find explanation for each answer to better understand Immunological processes.
| MLT Boards- Immunology | |
|---|---|
| Questions | Answers |
| A hapten is | A determinant capable of stimulating an immune response only when bound to a carrier |
| Which of the following characteristics is not true foe B cells? A. Become memory cells B. contain surface immunoglobulins C. differentiate into plasma cells D. secrete the C5 component of complement | D. secrete the C5 component of complement |
| A lymphokine is | a soluble mediator produced by lymphocytes |
| Monocytes & macrophages play a major role in the mononuclear phagocytic system. For an antibody-coated antigen to be phagocytosed, what part of the antibody molecule fits into a recaptor on the phagocytic cell? | Fc region |
| The DQ antigens in the HLA system are detected | by mixed lymphocyte culture or the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) |
| The HLA complex is located primarily on | Chromosome 6 |
| HLA antigens are found on | white blood cells only |
| Which of the following is more likely to be diagnostic of recent acute infection? A.total antibody titer of 2 followed by one of 16 B.total antibody titer of 80 C.total antibody titer of 80 followed by one of 40 D.antibody titer of 80 that is IgG | A. a total antibody titer of 2 followed by a titer of 16 |
| a young woman shows increased susceptibility to pyogenic infections. Upon assay, she shows a low level of C3. What is probably true? | She has an autoimmune disease with continual antigen-antibody activity causing consumption of C3 |
| What is the predominant type of antibody found in the serum of neonates born after full-term gestation? | Maternal IgG |
| What type of cell predominates in the germinal centers of lymph nodes? | B cells |
| The major class of immunoglobulin found in adult human serum is | IgG |
| Which class of immunoglobulin possesses delta heavy chains? | IgD |
| Which class of immunoglobulin possesses 10 antigenic binding sites? | IgM |
| Which class of immunoglobulin binds to basophils & mast cells to mediate immediate hypersensitivity reactions? | IgE |
| Which class of immunoglobulin has 4 subclasses? | IgG |
| When performing the enzyme multiplies immunoassay technique (EMIT), how is the ligand in the patient's serum detected? | Competes with enzyme-labeled antigen for binding to a specific antibody |
| Adjuvants are added to vaccines to | Increase the immune response |
| an example of immune injury to the deposition of antigen-antibody complexes is | acute glomerulonephritis |
| The serologically detectable antibody produced in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is of the class | IgM |
| In bone marrow transplantation, immunocompetent cells in the donor marrow may recognize antigens in the recipient and respond to those antigens. This phenomenon is an example of | Graft-vs,-host-disease (GVHD) |
| The method used to determine MHC Class I compatibility between a donor and a recipient involves | specific typing antibodies |
| reactions initiated by | IgG antibody |
| In individuals allergic to bee venom, hyposensitization protocols may be initiated. These are designed to promote the formation of | IgG |
| After exposure to antigen, the first antibodies that cam be detected belong to the class | IgM |
| Corneal tissue may be transplanted successfully from one patient to another because | the cornea occupies a privileged site not usually seen by the immune system |
| A kidney transplant from one identical twin to another is an example of | an isograft |
| In Bruton's disease, measurement of serum immunoglobulins would show | the absence of all immunoglobulins |
| Antigenically identical tumors produced in different animals are most commonly produced by | viruses |
| the lymphokine able to cause proliferation and differentiation of B cells is | interleukin 4 |
| Which cell is the principle source of interleukin 2 | T cell |
| Diagnostic reagents useful for detecting antigen by the coagglutination may be prepared by binding antibody to kill staphylococcal cells via the Fc receptor of staphylococcal protein A. The class os antibody bound by this protein is | IgG |
| A major advantage of passive immunization os opposed to active immunization is that | antibody is available more quickly |
| The strength with which a multivalent antibody binds a multivalent antigen is termed the | avidity |
| How does the secondary immune response differ from the primary immune response? | IgG is the predominant antibody class produced in the secondary immune response. the antibody levels produced are higher in the secondary immune response. The lag phase is shorter in the secondary immune response |
| After activation of the complement system, leukocytes & macrophages are attracted to the site of complement activation by | C5a |
| The type of immunity that follows the injection of an antigen is termed | active |
| The type of immunity that follows the injection of antibodies synthesized by another individual or animal is termed | passive |
| Male sterility may be caused by an autoantibody against sperm cells. The body can make these antibodies because | sperm cell antigens develop after self-tolerance is induced |
| The antibody most frequently present in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is directed against | nuclear antigen |
| the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) for syphilis does not meed to be read microscopically because the antigen is | complexed to charcoal |
| The Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test for syphilis is classified as a(n) | Flocculation reaction |
| One of the causes of a false-positive VDRL test is | Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) |
| Which of the following ions is necessary in complement fixation tests? | Mg 2+ |
| A cause of false-positive results in the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test for syphilis is | Infectious mononucleosis |
| IgM antibodies are known to react well in complement fixation (CF) tests. Because of this, CF tests for antibodies should | be positive early in the course of the disease |
| What serologic test is commonly performed by an immunofluorescence method? | Antinuclear antibody (ANA) |
| What will invalidate a test for antistreptolysin O (ASO) | 50% lysis of the red cells in the hemolysin control |
| In the enzyme-link immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system, the visible reaction is due to a reaction between | Enzyme and substrate |
| The commonly used specific diagnostic test for infection by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is | the presence of anti-HCV antibody |
| For a substance to be immunogenic it must be | recognized as non-self |
| There is no bursa of Fabricius in humans. What is considered the site of B-cell differentiation in adult humans? | Bone marrow |
| Which of the following statements about immunoglobulin light chains is true. a. each monomer has either 1 kappa or 1 lambda chain b. there are 2 types, kappa and lambda c. they consist of constant region only d.they form part of the Fc fragment | b. there are 2 types, kappa and lambda |
| The Fc fragment of an immunoglobulin molecule is produced by.. | the action of papain on a complete immunoglobulin molecule |
| Monoclonal antibodies are produced by | Hybridomas |
| Monoclonial antibodies of the same clone are | highly specific, produced by a malignant cell, and have the same idiotype |
| Skin testing is a useful diagnostic tool in a number of disorders such as tuberculosis. What is true about skin testing? | Sensitivity to a particular antigen may be transferred from one individual to another by sensitized lymphocytes |
| Large granular lymphocytes (LGL) is synonymous with | Natural Killer cell |
| What has been identified as B cell surface markers? | C3 receptor, Immunoglobulin, and MHC class II antigens |
| What are characteristics of T cells? | Able to bind antigen, possess CD1 antigen, and protection against intracellular parasites |
| The mechanism responsible for pathology in autoimmune disease is | circulating immune complexes |
| Which complement protein is present in the greatest concentration in human serum? | C3 |
| Which class of antibody, referred to as incomplete, is able to aggultinate RBC's after anti- human globulin is added? | IgG |
| Which of the following complement proteins is not part of the membrane attack complex? | C4 |
| What is characteristic of contact hypersensitivity reactions? | usually due to hapten |
| B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes are derived from | hematopoietic stem cells |
| Contact dermatitis is mediated by | T lymphocytes |
| In the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) for the quantitation of IgE, what does a high count per minute (cpm) suggest? | high concentration of IgE in patent's serum |
| Typically, with no anti rejection treatment, that fate of an autograft is | acceptance |
| An example of a minor histocompatibility antigen is | the H-Y antigen |
| When an antigen and an antibody react, bonds are formed between the 2 molecules. these bonds may be | hydrogen bonds |
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