This study companion guide focuses mainly on enterobacteriaceae and some non- fermenters such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia.
Enterobacteriaceae is a large family of Gram-negative bacteria that includes, along with many harmless symbionts, many of the more familiar pathogens, such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Yersinia pestis, Klebsiella and Shigella. Other disease-causing bacteria in this family include Proteus, Enterobacter, Serratia, and Citrobacter. This family is the only representative in the order Enterobacteriales of the class Gammaproteobacteria in the phylum Proteobacteria.
Non-fermenter (also non-fermenting bacteria) are a taxonomic heterogene group of bacteria of the division Proteobacteria, which can not catabolize glucose and therefore are not able to ferment. This does not exclude automatically, that species can catabolize other sugars or have an anaerobiosis like fermenting bacteria.
Enterobacteriaceae and Non- Fermenters Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the only oxidase-negative, lactose-positive organism that is H2S-positive? | Citrobacter freundii |
| Name the oxidase-negative, lactose positive organisms that will be on the test. | Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae |
| Name the three oxidase-negative, lactose negative, organisms that are H2S-positive. | Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella enteritidis, and Salmonella typhi. |
| Name the three organisms that are oxidase-negative, lactose-negative, H2S-negative. | Shigella sonnei, Yersinia enterocolitica, Yersinia pestis |
| Swarming motility | Proteus mirabilis |
| Vaccine is available. | Salmonella typhi |
| Frequently mistaken as Fever of Unknown Origin. | Salmonella enteritidis |
| Produces a true infection, not an intoxication. | Salmonella enteritidis |
| What organism is restricted to areas of Australia and Southeast Asia | Burkholderia pseudomallei |
| Which organism shows "bipolar staining" (resembles safety pins)? | Burkholderia pseudomallei |
| What organism causes glanders in horses? | Burkholderia mallei |
| Which organism shows coccobacilli in a gram-stain? | Burkholderia mallei |
| This oxidase positive, NLF, LDC-positive organism has intrinsic resistance to antimicrobials. | Burkholderia cepacia |
| This oxidase positive, NLF, LDC-negative organism has intrinsic resistance to antimicrobials. | Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| This organism has a grape-like odor. | Pseudonomas aeruginosa |
| This organism is opportunistic, requires a compromised host or traumatic event and can cause respiratory infections in patients with cystic fibrosis. | Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| This organism has a "green" pigment to its colonies. | Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| What is the selective agar for Burkholderia cepacia? | PC or OFPBL |
| If you are flopping around in a hot tub, what organism might you be concerned about? | Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| What organism's infection mimics appendicitis? | Yersinia enterocolitica |
| What organism's colonies appear as cauliflower-like on blood agar? | Yersinia pestis |
| What organism causes the plague? | Yersinia pestis |
| What organism is spread by flee vectors? | Yersinia pestis |
| You see colony morphology with a dark-red bulls-eye on the selective media CIN. What is the organism? | Yersinia enterocolitica |
| This organism is much more common in Northern Europe, Scandinavia, and Japan. | Yersinia enterocolitica |
| This organism causes watery diarrhea and infections are related to crowding and unsanitary conditions. | Shigella sonnei |
| What organism causes traveler's diarrhea? | Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) |
| This organism produces a deadly bloody diarrhea often associated with (HUS) Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome. | Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) |
| Why is selenite broth good for enrichment and isolation of Salmonella spp.? | Sodium selenite is toxic to most Enterobacteriasceae. |
| What is SS agar used for? | It is selective for Salmonella and Shigella. |
| What does HE agar show? | This agar shows fermentation and H2S production. |
| What color is HE agar? | Blue-Green |
| What color will a lactose fermenter appear on HE agar? | Orange or salmon-colored. |
| Is Salmonella an H2S producer? | Yes |
| Is Shigella an H2S producer? | No |
| Does XLD agar show fermentation and H2S production? | Yes |
| What color will a lactose fermenter appear on XLD? | Yellow |
| What organism is MacConkey Sorbitol selective and differential for? | EHEC E. coli O157:H7 |
| Name a selective and differential agar for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. | Centrimide agar |
| Will TSI show H2S production? | Yes |
| What does a yellow butt on TSI indicate? | Glucose fermentation |
| What does a yellow slant on TSI indicate? | Lactose or sucrose fermentation |
| What causes a red slant on LIA? | Deamination of lysine-LDA positive |
| What organism might give LIA a red slant? | Proteus |
| What color does an LIA test tube start as? | Purple |
| What does a yellow butt on LIA indicate? | Glucose fermentation |
| What does a purple butt on LIA indicate? | Lysine decarboxylase-LDC positive |
| Will LIA show H2S production? | Yes |
| What organism promotes kidney stone formation? | Proteus mirabilis |
| What organism produces antibiotic diarrhea due to multiple drug resistance? | Proteus mirabilis |
| What organism produces severe, often fatal pneumonia? | Klebsiella pneumoniae |
| This organism's specimen of choice is urine (UTI) or deep cough (pneumonia)? | Klebsiella pneumoniae |
| I am oxidase-negative, lactose-positive, H2S-positive, Indole-negative? | Citrobacter freundii |
| I am oxidase-negative, lactose-positive, H2S-negative, indole-positive? | Escherichia coli |
| I am oxidase-negative, lactose-positive, H2S-negative, indole-negative, non-motile like Shigella? | Klebsiella pneumoniae |
| I am oxidase-negative, lactose-negative, H2S-positive, indole-negative, I am not Salmonella? | Proteus mirabilis |
| I am oxidase-negative, lactose-negative, H2S-positive, indole-negative, I am not Proteus mirabilis? | Salmonella spp. |
| I am oxidase-negative, lactose-negative, H2S-negative, indole-negative, I am not Yersinia spp.? | Shigella sonnei |
| I am oxidase-negative, lactose-negative, H2S-negative, indole-negative, I am not Shigella sonnei? | Yersinia spp. |
| I am oxidase-positive, lactose-negative, indole-negative, LDC-negative? | Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| I am oxidase-positive, Lactose-negative, LDC-positive? | Burkholderia spp. |
| I colonize from feces or perineal region? | E. coli |
| I am free living and/or live in the human gut? | Klebsiella pneumoniae |
| I am a late lactose fermenter? | Citrobacter freundii |
| Common clinical isolate found in manure, sewage and soil? | Proteus mirabilis |
| Carried by several types of farm animals, reptiles, pet turtles, and fowl. Also transmitted by contaminated food-eggs, meat, mayonnaise,etc? | Salmonella enteritidis |
| Reservoir is in human tissues; fecal contamination of food, milk, water, and is an acute systemic disease? | Salmonella typhi |
| Humans are the only known natural host? | Shigella sonnei |
| Carried by dogs, cats, rodents, pigs and cattle? | Yersinia enterocolitica |
| Carried be rodents, squirrels, prairie dogs? | Yersinia pestis |
| Grows best at 25 to 35 degrees? | Yersinia pestis |
| Transmitted by medical devices and solutions, cosmetics, eye care solutions and wounds-person to person? | Pseudomonas spp. |
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